Hungarian Historical Phonology kebel

Sanatista

kebel 'breast, bossom'

First attestation/Old Hungarian data

[coming]

Important dialectal forms

[coming]

Uralic/Ugric/Pre-Hungarian reconstruction

?

Status of the Ugric etymology

Irregular

Loan etymology

Hu kebel ← West Old Turkic *käbäl (WOT: 516–518)

Cognates suggested in earlier research

Munkácsi 1895, Widmer 2006: 305–307:

Khanty: East (V–Vj.) kimäl, (Vart. Mj. Trj. J) kimäl, South (Likr.) kimäï, Irt. (DN KoP Kr. Ts. stb.) kimät, (Ni. Š) kĭmät, North (Kaz.) kĭmäl, (O) kimäl ’ruha szegélye [...]’

Mansi: North (N) kēmpli ’ruhaszárny’

Commentary

Hungarian kebel is consider to be of uncertain or debated origin by most sources. WOT considers a Turkic etymology possible but debated, the main problem being that the exact donor form is not attested in Turkic. However, WOT and Róna-Tas (2017) argue that its existence might be assumed based on Mongolic kebeli ‘belly, stomach, paunch, womb’, and the form kebelmiš 'dressed' in the Codex Cumanicus might reflect a derivative of the Turkic original.

An old idea of an ugric etymology by Munkácsi (1895) is supported by Widmer (2006), who adds additional arguments and assumes that Hungarian kebel and its Ob-Ugric cognates reflect a derivative from the Proto-Ugric stem *- (in Widmer's reconstruction). Honti (2017) considers this Ugric etymology better than the Turkic loan etymology. However, Róna-Tas (2017) notes that semantically the Ugric etymology is problematic, as the original meaning of the Hungarian word was probably 'breast, heart', based on Old Hungarian attestations.

It can be added that besides semantic problems, there are phonological problems as well. Hungarian open e points to earlier *ä, but the Ob-Ugric forms listed by Widmer do not fit this regularly. It seems unlikely that the words are connected, and despite the problems with the Turkic attestation, the Turkic origin of kebel is more probable than the Ugric etymology.

Conclusion

The Ugric etymology is irregular and semantcially problematic. The Turkic etymology remains a possibility despite the originals poor attestation.

References

EWUng : 716, s.v. kebel: Unknown origin

Honti 1982: 151, No 272: POug

Honti 2017: 44–46: PUg

Munkácsi 1895: 257: PUg

Róna-Tas 2017: 50–51:  ? ← Turkic

TESz II: 417, s.v. kebel: Unknown origin, not PUg; Turkic etymology requires further research

Widmer 2007: 305–307: PUg

WOT: 516–518: ? ← Turkic

Zhivlov 2006: 157: POug