Hungarian Historical Phonology hasad

hasad 'sich spalten, reißen, bersten, einen Riß bekommen'

hasít 'spalten, zerspalten, schlitzen, reißen'

First attestation/Old Hungarian data

[coming]

Important dialectal forms

[coming]

Uralic/Ugric/Pre-Hungarian reconstruction

Aikio 2022: 8: ? PU *kiśka-

UEW: PUg *kaćɜ- ‘tear; reißen‘

Status of the Ugric etymology

Unclear

Loan etymology

None suggested so far

Cognates suggested in earlier research

Mansi: South (TJ) künkaśmāt- 'bersten, reißen, abspringen (eine Schlittenkufe, ein Balken, ein Brett)', künkaśl- 'bersten, reißen, abspringen (eine Schlittenkufe, ein Balken, ein Brett)', East (KU) elχaśəmɑ̄t- 'sich ablösen, losgehen, abfallen (ein Flicklappen)', elχaśl- 'sich ablösen, losgehen, abfallen (ein Flicklappen)', North (LO) χotχaśmat- 'zerreißen, sich abnutzen, sich abtragen (Kleidungsstücke)', χotχaśl- 'zerreißen, sich abnutzen, sich abtragen (Kleidungsstücke)' < PMs *kać- (the attested forms in Mansi varieties are prefixed forms)

Aikio 2022: 8

Mansi: Finnish kisko- 'pull' (see below)

Commentary

The Hungarian word has two competing etymologies: Aikio (2022: 8) connects Hungarian has-ad to Finnish kiskoa: see UEW (s.v. kiśkɜ-) for other Uralic words that could reflect PU *kiśkV- (Hu kísál mentioned here has irregular long í and cannot be connected to the rest of the words). Aikio reconstructs (with a question mark) Proto-Uralic *kiśka-. This is an interesting idea, as PU *śk > Hu s would be a regular change, but more parallels would be needed for the change PU *i > Hu a (in *-a-stems) before the etymology can be accepted.

Metsäranta (2017: 220, footnote 15) suggests that Hungarian hasad, hasít could reflect PU *kačka- 'to bite'. This is phonologically the most plausible explanation so far.

The traditional Ugric etymology displays the correspondence Mansi *ć ~ Hu s which is rare in inherited vocabulary, and it is disputed whether this can reflect any Uralic phoneme regularly. Mansi short *a cannot reflect PU/Pug *a regularly, so the reconstruction given by UEW cannot be correct. PU *o could be reflected by Mansi *a in -ə-stems.

Conclusion

The Ugric etymology of hasad, hasít should be rejected, Metsäranta's Uralic etymology (PU *kačka-) is a plausible explanation.

References

Aikio 2022: 8: Proto-Uralic, ~ Fi kisko-

Metsäranta 2017: 220, footnote 15: Proto-Uralic *kačka-

MSzFE: 272-273, s.v. kaćɜ-: Proto-Ugric

UEW s.v. kaćɜ-: Proto-Ugric Uralonet