Hungarian Historical Phonology haj

Sanatista

haj 'hair'

First attestation/Old Hungarian data

[coming]

Important dialectal forms

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Uralic/Ugric/Pre-Hungarian reconstruction

*kajə

Aikio 2013, 2015: PU *kaji 'grass, stalk, awn'

UEW: PUg *kajɜ 'hair; Haar'

Status of the Ugric etymology

Plausible, but probably derived from PU (see below)

Loan etymology

None suggested so far

Cognates suggested in earlier research

UEW:

Mansi: South (TJ) χōj: päŋkχōj 'Haar', West (P) kōj 'Kopfhaut', North (N) χåj 'hajüstök, hajfürt, hajcsomó az ember fején; Haartolle, Locke, Haarbüschel am Kopf des Menschen' < PMs *kāj (Aikio 2015)

Aikio 2013, 2015:

Mansi: South (TJ) χōj: päŋkχōj 'Haar', West (P) kōj 'Kopfhaut', North (N) χåj 'hajüstök, hajfürt, hajcsomó az ember fején; Haartolle, Locke, Haarbüschel am Kopf des Menschen' < PMs *kāj (Aikio 2015)

Saami: N guodja 'seed shell of a sedge'

Komi: ki̮ 'awn'

Udmurt: ki̮ 'awn'

Samoyed: Selkup Taz qu 'stalk, stem, oblong or slender object' < PSam *kåǝ

Commentary

The Ugric etymology presented in the UEW is regular. However, Aikio (2013: 166–167) has presented phonologically regular cognates also in Saami, Permic and Samoyed (Selkup). It seems thus quite clear that both the Hungarian and the Mansi word go back to Proto-Uralic *kajə, and the word is not confined to Ugric.

However, it should be noted here that the meaning 'grass, stalk, awn' reconstructed by Aikio is based on Saami, Permic and Samoyed evidence, and only Hungarian and Mansi show the meaning 'hair'. 'stalk' > 'hair' a plausible semantic change, so semantics are not an obstacle to the Proto-Uralic etymology. It can be assumed, however, that the meaning 'hair' in Hungarian and Mansi reflects a common semantic innovation that took place either in Proto-Ugric or in a Sprachbund formed by Pre-Hungarian and Pre-Mansi.

Conclusion

The Proto-Uralic etymology is convincing. The meaning 'hair' in Hungarian and Mansi might reflect a common semantic innovation.

References

Aikio 2013: 166–167: PU

Aikio 2015: 52: PU

UEW s.v. kajɜ: Proto-Ugric Uralonet