Hungarian Historical Phonology fog

fog 'fangen, fassen, ergreifen; nehmen, annehmen; anfangen, beginnen; anhalten, zwingen; (Hilfsverb der entretenden Handlung und der Zukunft)'

First attestation/Old Hungarian data

[coming]

Important dialectal forms

[coming]

Uralic/Ugric/Pre-Hungarian reconstruction

(Obsolete:)

UEW: PUg *puŋɜ- 'catch, grab; fangen, ergreifen'

Janhunen 2022: 164: "Mansic" *puŋi- < Proto-Uralic *poŋi-

Status of the Ugric etymology

[coming]

Loan etymology

None suggested

Cognates suggested in earlier research

MSzFE, UEW:

Mansi: South (TJ) pow-, East (KU) pow-, West (P) puw-, North (So) puw- 'ergreifen'< Proto-Mansi *puγ-

Janhunen 2022: 163-164 (in addition to the Mansi cognate):

Samoyed: Tundra and Forest Nenets poŋka, Forest Enets poga, Tundra Enets foga, Selkup (Ket) poŋqə, (Taz) poqqə, Kamas (*)poŋa, Mator †xoŋo < Proto-Samoyed *poŋka

Commentary

The vowel-correspondence between Hu and Ms is regular and points to Proto-Uralic/Proto-Ugric *u. The word-internal consonantism does not match: Hungarian points to *ŋk < *ŋ, whereas Mansi rather to *γ. Zhivlov (2015) has argued that the Proto-Ugric change *ŋk happened in intervocalic position, whereas *ŋ would have remained before consonants and the current reflexes in the Ugric languages are due to later paradigmatic levelling. If this idea is correct, it could explain several of the irregular Ugric etymologies. It is possible that a Proto-Ugric word *puŋkə (: *puŋ-) can be reconstructed as the predecessor of the Hungarian and Mansi words.

Janhunen (2022: 163-164) that the Proto-Samoyed word for 'net', *poŋka (SW 127), is derived from the same stem that is reflected by Hungarian fog and Mansi *puγ-. Janhunen reconstructs this Proto-Uralic stem as *poŋi- (= *poŋə in the system used here) but *puŋə- would be the more up-to-date Proto-Uralic reconstruction. Janhunen's idea is convincing.

Conclusion

The Ugric etymology as such is probable but Janhunen (2022) is probably correct in assuming Samoyed cognates.

References

EWUng

Janhunen 2022 (FS Salminen): 163-164: Hu, Ms < PU

UEW: Proto-Ugric Uralonet